How to Effectively Prepare Miscellaneous Topics Like Government Schemes and Biodiversity

The UPSC Civil Services Prelims Exam is a challenging stage where candidates must master both static and dynamic aspects of the syllabus. Government Schemes and Biodiversity (often covered under Environment) have been two of the most popular topics when the Civil Services (Preliminary) Exam is concerned.

In this blog, we are going to discuss in detail how to prepare these two topics for the Preliminary Examination.

Importance of Miscellaneous Topics in Prelims

Questions from Government Schemes and Biodiversity frequently appear in Prelims due to their direct relevance to governance, environment, and national development. For instance:

Government Schemes: 

1. These are (Acts, Schemes, Policies, Missions, etc.) integral to governance and reflect the government’s priorities. Questions often focus on objectives, beneficiaries, and ministries associated with schemes. A few examples are as follows

1. For Prelims, the focus should be on Flagship Schemes like PM-KISAN, Ayushman Bharat, MUDRA Yojana and the recently launched schemes which have been in the news. It is important to understand which ministry is implementing the scheme. This is a common area for factual questions. Apart from that it is important to memorize objectives, target beneficiaries, and funding mechanisms (e.g., centrally sponsored vs. central sector schemes).

Biodiversity:

This forms the core of environment-related questions. The focus should be on endemic, endangered, and critically endangered species, as listed by the IUCN. Students are also required to cover the different types of Protected Areas like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and Ramsar sites, along with their unique characteristics. The other important areas are

1. International Conventions: Learn the basics of conventions like CITES, Ramsar, and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
2. Government Initiatives: Understand programs like Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and CAMPA funds.
3. Location of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Ramsar Sites: Regular practice of mapping these locations helps in both retention and quick recall.
4. Biodiversity Hotspots in India: Mark regions like the Western Ghats, Indo-Burma, and Sundaland for easy revision.
• Two examples are shown below.

Strategies to Prepare Miscellaneous Topics

Source Selection:

The first step is to rely on reliable sources for accurate information:

For Government Schemes:

• PIB (Press Information Bureau): Provides updates on newly launched schemes and achievements of existing ones.
• Union Budget and Economic Survey: Highlight flagship programs and their financial allocations.
• Official Ministry Websites: Details of schemes by ministries like MoHFW, MoEFCC, and MoRD.
• The same can be supplemented with the various magazines released by VisionIAS from time to time like the monthly magazines, Pt 365.
• Students can and should refer to the VisionIAS compilation of government schemes.

For Biodiversity:

• NCERT Biology (Class 12): Provides foundational concepts of biodiversity.
• Newspaper reading is very important to handle the dynamic part (Current Affairs)
• The same can be supplemented with the various magazines released by VisionIAS from time to time like the monthly magazines, Pt 365. 
• Students can and should refer to the VisionIAS PYQ trend analysis document to get an idea of the previous year questions from Biodiversity. This document not only explains the correct answers, but also offers insights like option elimination techniques.

Revision and Practice

• Regular revision ensures that facts remain fresh in memory.
• Short Notes: Revise through one-liners and bullet points before the exam.
• Mock Tests: Solve biodiversity and government scheme-specific mock questions to identify gaps in preparation.
• Daily Quiz Practice: Apps and platforms offering daily quizzes on current affairs can reinforce knowledge.

Preparing miscellaneous topics like Government Schemes and Biodiversity for UPSC Prelims requires a focused approach combining static knowledge, dynamic updates, and smart revision techniques. By sourcing reliable material, organizing notes effectively, and practicing through mock tests, aspirants can excel in these high-scoring areas. Consistency, prioritization, and staying updated with current affairs are the keys to mastering these topics and ensuring success in the Prelims.